1950
Can machines think?
The cuts
Alan Turing 1950
Replace the question with a game: if you cannot tell the machine from the person, what exactly is missing?
Made an unanswerable question playable — and smuggled 'think' out of the room.
Computing Machinery and Intelligence1950
Ada Lovelace 1843
The Analytical Engine has no pretensions to originate anything. It can only do whatever we know how to order it to perform.
Posed the objection a century early — machines rearrange, they don't originate — that Turing had to answer by name.
Notes by the Translator (Note G), appended to Menabrea's "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage"1843