1983
Is intelligence one thing?
The cuts
Howard Gardner 1983
There is no single intelligence — there are multiple, partly independent ones.
Broke the g-factor consensus and made 'intelligent at what?' a mandatory question.
Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences1983The tensions
Gardner broke the single-number consensus in 1983. The AI era re-asks his question hourly: a model superhuman at competition math and helpless at counting letters is either many intelligences, or none, or proof that the word was always doing too much work.
